How Evan Doorbell became a Phone Phreak

How Evan Doorbell became a Phone Phreak is an introductory 10-part series of narrated telephone recordings by former phone phreak Evan Doorbell, recounting the early years of his interest in the telephone system. This series of recordings is part of Evan Doorbell's collection of telephone recordings. This series is presented as a narrative by Evan, frequently interspersed with recordings from the time. Songs from the 1970s are also often used as background music.

Synopsis

Part 1

In the late 1960s, Evan is a young teenager growing up on Long Island, not yet interested in the telephone. In 1969 and 1970, societal norms relaxed and became less formal; Evan recalls that dress codes were relaxed, military-style inspections were discontinued at summer camp during the Vietnam War, and even the Bell System's telephone intercept recordings became more conversational. Evan recalls several telephone intercept recordings from 1969 and 1970 that demonstrate this change in style, and tries to get several interesting telephone recordings on the phone. He hears multifrequency (MF) tones on certain calls and becomes fascinated by them, varying the numbers dialed to hear the tones.

In July 1970, Evan finds a "party line" conference in his neighborhood accessible by dialing 3-1-1. He learns that when dialed from his friend's house, a different 3-1-1 conference is reached. His friend also demonstrates the 6-6-0 dial and ring test circuit; Evan is fascinated by the unusual quadruple ring, likening it to the "phone doing a new trick", but is disappointed that 6-6-0 is invalid on his home phone. He dials 6-6-0 from all the phones he encounters, including his parents' friend Harriett's house, who is freaked out by the unusual ring. He eventually finds though that he is able to predict is 6-6-0 will work from a particular phone by checking if there is a burst of dial tone at the end of the first digit.

Evan continues his exploration of MF tones by trying to match the digits he hears to keys on a piano and decipher the meaning of the digits. Evan notes the sequence of digits announced at the end of telephone recordings (e.g. 313-2) and is curious what they mean. He gradually deduces that the recordings are local intercepts from each area code, and Evan dials all 120 area codes, listening to the varying accents and wordings. At the end of July 1970, however, Evan is off to summer camp where he will be without phone access.

Part 2

Evan is at summer camp in the summer of 1970, without telephone access to continue pursuing his newfound interest. Evan recalls that in Long Island, subscribers did not (and could not) dial "1" first for long distance. He sneaks a listen to the camp office's telephone, which has an old city dial tone. Evan recalls that back in 1965, his mother was displeased at the "new dial tone" (precise dial tone) on their phone line; he is confused when he discovers that the old city busy tone remained, despite the precise dial tone.

Evan realizes that he has never tried dialing an area code followed by a "0" or "1" (e.g. NPA-0... or NPA-1...). On his way back from camp to Long Island, Evan stops at a payphone in Oxford, New Jersey, served by an independent phone company. The payphone has an old city dial tone, and when he dials "1", he gets an intercept recording. When dialing (516) 111-1111, the number rings and goes to a special operator that tells him he has dialed incorrectly and to try again. When dialing FRanklin4-9979, he encounters a tone sweep; when dialing the 9979 numbers in various other Long Island prefixes, he gets various sorts of similar test lines. He also encounters the automated "Please repeat the number you are calling to the special operator" when dialing nonworking numbers and failing to verbally provide the number dialed to the operator. He also continues playing with the 6-6-0 party line from payphones, such as from LYnbrook9-9777, using the pseudonym "Bob". Evan is horrified to discover that he is unable to hang up on an incoming call to the payphone; a girl from the party line can hold his line for up to 3 minutes at a time, forcing him to abandon his dime. Evan learns that although he can only hold people up for up to 20 seconds from his home phone, from other lines, he can hold people up from 2+1⁄2 to 5 minutes.

Armed with this information, and the knowledge that pay stations were typically assigned in the 9XXX range, Evan and his friends would call payphone numbers given out on party lines (recalling one incident of this as late as 1974) and hold people up when they tried to make a new call, pretending to be from the "Dime Holders of America".

Part 3: Atlanta in September 1970

Evan and his family fly to Atlanta, where Evan has been visiting since his early youth. Evan is able to play with the phone from his grandma's back port. On the upside, Atlanta has a large free local calling area, in contrast to the complex message unit scheme used in Long Island. He recognizes the voice on the local Time and Temperature number from shortwave radio. However, he is unnerved at the relative lack of richness characterizing the electronic switch he encounters. In contrast to his home phone line, the switch here is much more non-communicative about call progress; for example, there is no click at the end of dialing, and the musical MF tones from Long Island are not audible here. He is likewise disappointed with most of the phone lines he is able to access, such as at Uncle Harry's house. However, from some payphones, he discovers that call setup begins to suburban exchanges as soon as the exchange code has been dialed, and some of the ringback tones he hears are very strange. Finally, at the airport, Evan finds there are payphone lines from 4 different prefixes, which he explains is due to the phone company importing payphone lines from multiple exchanges. From a phone which has a burst of dial tone after the initial deposit, he hears the "friendly Atlanta" intercept recording for the first time.

Part 4

Evan recalls that telephone exchanges rarely ended in 0, and decides to try calling exchanges ending in 0. Dialing "290" rings somebody whom he cannot hang up on. Some codes go to a continuous ring to an intercept recording. Dialing "450" from his friend Larry's house provides an old city dial tone which fails to respond to further digits. The code "890" from Larry's house also provides the same type of dial tone used on 6-6-0. Codes of format N10 go to the local operator, whom Evan notes can hold someone up indefinitely. "970" is a code that goes to a continuous ring to an all circuits busy intercept. He also observes that the differing 3-1-1s are simply due to different recordings being present on them. Evan also further explores the identifiers at the end of different intercept recordings around the country, making up the routing hierarchy of the North American phone network.

One day on the 3-1-1 conference, someone named Herbie has amplified his voice so that it's three times louder. This inspires them to connect an amplifier to the telephone to talk on the 3-1-1 party line. From a payphone, Evan observes this method works very well. Evan and his friend use the amplifier to help people get their phone numbers out, also jamming the line when drawing ire from other participants.

Evan decides to get his own phone line, one like his friend's, rather than one like the phone at home now. He knows that he can tell what type of line a phone is on by the prefix, and decides to get a LYnbrook9 (599) number, since these can access the 3-1-1 party line and 6-6-0. After initially being assigned an 887 number, he cancels the order and requests a 599 number, which will get installed in a week. In the meantime, he plays around with the special operator automatic intercept recordings. The first Automatic Intercept System voiced by Jane Barbe is also debuted in Hempstead, Long Island, running from 9:00 to 5:00 Monday through Friday.

In a mixup, an installer shows up to install the 887 number that Evan had cancelled. However, the installer is able to explain that he can ring back his phone using 660 + his last 4 digits. However, this 6-6-0 works slightly differently from the 6-6-0 with the party line. He then dials 3-1-1 from his parents' LYnbrook3 home phone again to find silence, leading him to discover that this 3-1-1 can now be used as a party line. Evan helps start a new party line conference on this 3-1-1, introducing himself as "Evan from Malverne". With his help, the new party line takes off, ironically just as about Evan is about to get his own phone line from the switch with access to the other party line.

Part 5

Near the end of October 1970, Evan is eagerly awaiting the installation of his LYnbrook9 phone line. He is keenly aware that there are differences between different types of switching equipment. His line is installed even as Evan's new 3-1-1, accessible from his parents' phone line, is getting underway. Evan also encounters his childhood classmate Dave, who can also access both 3-1-1's. One day on 3-1-1, Evan hears about "the new party line" at (212) 780-62XX. Calls to 780 numbers are dial pulsed in, making intriguing clicking sounds. There is no recording present and participants are clearly audible. There is also a distinct tone audible when new callers join. Someone named Fred also makes a speech on the party line against those playing music and otherwise disrupting the 780 party line. Evan finds that only one caller can call a particular 780-62XX number, as sometimes he receives a busy signal calling particular numbers in that range.

Evan discovers that calling 9970 numbers in each prefix gives him a busy signal from that exchange. 9971 always goes to a reorder, and 9972 provides a steady ticking sound (supervision test). 9906 provides two clicks every ten seconds, and the related 9900 provides a milliwatt test. 9932 trips the ring quickly and is then silent. 9901 or "Official 1" goes to an operator that answers "verifying", for Busy Line Verification. 9990 rings the phone in each switching office. Evan can hear the switching equipment operating and learns by talking to switchmen that there are two types of crossbar equipment: Crossbar 1 from which all the good stuff is accessible, and Crossbar 5 which serves his parents' phone line. There is also "electronic", but not in that part of Long Island yet. He is also told that 9972 is a "timing feature", but this turns out to be false.

On one occasion, Evan is told he can dial 958, which reads back his number to him. He calls this from his parents' phone line. In late October, he also finds that the new 3-1-1 has been shut down, as the recording is back up. On the 780 party line, there is also a new recording that says "Connection to this line is a violation of Bell Telephone tariffs. Violators are subject to suspension and disconnection of service." A few days later, there is a loud tone (the same one as on 9900 numbers) on the line that further inhibits its use as a party line. Finally, a loud beeping sound completely prevents use as a party line, marking the end of the 780-62 party line, prompting Evan to return to 3-1-1 and 6-6-0.

Part 6

Now that Evan has his own phone line (599-3662), he knows he will need to keep costs under control, since local calls in New York are not free, but cost one or more "message units", depending on destination and duration. The phone bill at the end of the month indicates how many additional message units were used that month, since local calls were not itemized. The rate schedule is extremely complicated and hard to understand. Calls nearby are only a single message unit for unlimited talk time. Calls more than 10 miles away cost significantly more: such as to BUtterfield8 in Manhattan, 15-20 miles away, which costs 3 message units for the first 5 minutes, and then another message unit for every 2 minutes thereafter. Calls to eastern Suffolk County are 7 message units for the first 3 minutes and then 2 additional message units each additional minute, higher than toll calls to many states. From payphones, 10-cent local calls were also timed, requiring another 5 cents every 5 minutes.

"Flat rate" service is also a big moneymaker for New York Telephone. It provides free calling within a 5 mile radius, charging much more for calls within 5 to 10 miles away, with twice the monthly charge and without the free 75 message unit allowance. However, message units are not used everywhere. Atlanta is home to the world's largest free calling area, including Atlanta and many surrounding communities, proving to be cost-effective for subscribers.

With this in mind, Evan is careful to dial test numbers around the country that won't answer, thus avoiding any charges. Evan hears MF tones audibly on calls from Crossbar 5, but not from Crossbar 1, where he hears something that sounds like doors opening and closing. Occasionally on long distance calls, Evan also gets asked for his number (Operator Number Identification), which only happens from his Crossbar 1 line, never from his parents' Crossbar 5 line.

Evan checks 780 again and finds the beeping still present, preventing its use as a party line. However, two weeks later, Evan finds that the beeping has been removed from 780 and a normal intercept recording is present. It is also being used again as a party line. However, Fred and the gang are not present, and Evan recalls them mentioning that they had another line in reserve. Evan tries various 780 numbers to see if he can find it. In the process, he encounters very short, rapid (PBX) rings, with varying sounds, and various intercept recordings for different organizations. He eventually finds the gang at 780-84XX. He also realizes that 780 was a collection of "mini exchanges" with individual recordings that could break down occasionally, and explores the 780-85XX range to find a smaller "party line". He also confirms, using the radio, that 830 is also suitable as a potential "party line", as the recording only plays once every 2 minutes.

Part 7: The Dark Side of Party Lines

Evan is shocked to discover that there are 43 additional message units ($2.67 extra) on his phone bill. There are also a number of "no number" calls to Harvey, Illinois and Beacon, New York. Evan calls the Business Office, noting the number for the Business Office had recently changed from 811 to 766-9950. In the meantime, Evan has previously found that he could dial using the switchhook, which works better on his Crossbar 1 line than on the Crossbar 5 line, which could trip the automatic detection capabilities of the Crossbar 5. Consequently, Evan has been working on an automatic telephone dialer, which he uses to prank operators.

Evan again revisits the party lines, including 780-85XX, and discusses with Charlie how their use of amplifiers and theme songs was to the ire of Fred and the gang. Evan also discusses the Service Crisis of 1969-1970 in New York, and how the flat-rate and message unit scheme led to New York Telephone running out of cable pairs and trunk lines. During Operator Number Identifications, Evan also realizes that operators dial using the MF tones as well.

Evan learns that Fred has his number and is therefore resolved to stay off his party line. He discusses what happened to Charlie Steiner, the person named in Fred's speech against messing around on the party line. Charlie describes that one night, a few people came to the door and he was shot in the collarbone with a low-caliber weapon. The shooter was named Felix and was eventually found and charged, though Charlie later dropped the charges. Later, he and Kathy met at a mall, but it turned out to be a setup with Fred Smith, Felix, and the gang, with Charlie escaping through the mall. Later, his house is egged.

Evan stays on 3-1-1 and 6-6-0, staying away from Fred's party line. However, the original 3-1-1 is soon shut down by a loud recording on the line.

Part 8: Kennedy Airport Phone Trip

Evan recalls at the time, airports had payphones served out of different exchanges. Most at Kennedy Airport were served by Crossbar 1s. Evan tries 3-1-1 from a Crossbar 1 line and finds it goes alternately to one of two recordings. Evan notices that many of the common test codes, such as 660, sound slightly different from each exchange. He also gets various intercept messages from throughout the New York metropolitan area. He also discusses the various forms of "machine to machine" pulsing that are used between exchanges, including dial pulsing (DID), trunk outpulsing, and revertive pulsing. He also discovers that he can reach the original 3-1-1 by dialing 516-311.

Part 9

A month into having his own phone line, Evan is getting a lot of phone calls and suspects that somebody is playing music on one of Fred's party lines, prompting an influx of calls to his line. The Business Office also gets back to him, letting him know that there's nothing atypical with the equipment counting message units. Evan is still disconcerted, having carefully measured his calls and dialing test numbers and nonworking numbers.

Evan gets a call from "The Wizard", inviting him to another party line in 990-55XX, which Fred doesn't know about. Three weeks into December 1970, this party line also gets a recording. In 1976, the recording gets stuck, making it suitable for use as a party line again and gets used by other phreaks, including Captain Crunch. He also explores the 620 party line in Manhattan.

Evan finds he is unable to consistently break dial tone on his line. A while later, he gets a call back from Tony at repair service. Evan gives out 593-9083 as an alternate number, and gets a call on his LYnbrook3 line from Felix, letting him know they have his other number now and warning him to stay off their party lines. However, they don't care about 780-62XX anymore, leaving Evan free to use that. He decides to broadcast the 780-62XX party line numbers to people calling into the old 3-1-1. He sets up a tape to inform callers of the new party line, which successfully redirects many callers there.

Music

A number of songs from the 1970s are used as background music throughout the series, including:

• Beginnings (Chicago) - 1970, multiple parts - instrumental refrain
• Gimme Dat Ding (The Pipkins) - 1970 - beginning of Part 6
• Play That Funky Music (Wild Cherry) - 1976 - middle and end of Part 7
• I'm Your Captain (Grand Funk Railroad) - 1970 - beginning of Part 9
• Stayin' Alive (Bee Gees) - 1977 - end of Part 9
• You Make Me Feel Like Dancing (Leo Sayer) - 1976 - end of Part 9